The Annual Report 2010 provides a comprehensive overview of IHDP’s mission and objectives as well as an extensive update on the latest activities and progress of IHDP’s global research network, its projects and partners. One of the most substantial innovations introduced with this report is a summary of key findings and recommendations provided by IHDP projects, addressing a broad range of vital issues such as food security and human health. In addition, editorials by the newest Scientific Committee members highlight the current challenges and opportunities of human dimensions research on global environmental change.